lightbulb Key Concepts

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1. Rate of Change

ds/dt represents velocity, and dv/dt represents acceleration.

2. Tangents and Normals

• Slope of tangent (m) = dy/dx at (x₁, y₁).
• Slope of normal = -1 / (dy/dx).

3. Maxima and Minima

• Find f'(x) and set it to 0 to find critical points.
• Second Derivative Test: If f''(c) < 0, it's a maximum. If f''(c) > 0, it's a minimum.