lightbulb Key Concepts

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1. Definition

A matrix is an ordered rectangular array of numbers or functions. A matrix with m rows and n columns is of order m × n.

2. Types of Matrices

• Row Matrix: Has only one row.
• Column Matrix: Has only one column.
• Square Matrix: Number of rows equals number of columns (m = n).
• Identity Matrix: A square matrix where diagonal elements are 1 and others are 0.
• Symmetric Matrix: Aᵀ = A.
• Skew-Symmetric Matrix: Aᵀ = -A.