lightbulb Key Concepts

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1. Definition of Probability

Probability P(E) = (Number of favorable outcomes) / (Total number of possible outcomes).

2. Conditional Probability

P(A|B) is the probability of event A given that B has occurred.

P(A|B) = P(A ∩ B) / P(B)

3. Multiplication Theorem

P(A ∩ B) = P(A) · P(B|A) = P(B) · P(A|B).

4. Bayes' Theorem

Used to find the probability of a cause given its effect.

P(Eᵢ|A) = [P(Eᵢ)P(A|Eᵢ)] / [Σ P(Eⱼ)P(A|Eⱼ)]